Principles for low-impact roads have been under development since the 1960s. Observation of roads after storms and floods showed minimal damage occurring to well-located roads, with less environmental impacts in adjacent areas. These roads minimize modification of existing drainage patterns. A sufficient number of properly located and designed cross drains should be provided. Location in the best spot is not always possible, however, and roads-related erosion, failures, and environmental damage can still occur. Also, road work may be planned and executed to promote healing of the scars of the past. Providing for adequate drainage with the minimum disturbance during ditch pulling, heeling, and surface blading activities also has economic benefits. Tailoring ditch geometries to actual drainage needs, as well as compacting and armoring the soil in the ditch, can reduce sediment levels. Flavel bars are useful in breaking up the concentration of water.
Abstract