This paper reviews activity-based accessibility measures and describes how they can be used for evaluating the social and economic consequences of land-use transport scenarios at the national level. Activity-based measures are concluded to be useful as appropriate indicators for accessibility impacts and related social (equity) impacts of both land-use and infrastructural changes. Potential accessibility measures (estimating the number of opportunities within a certain travel time) are considered to provide a realistic degree of accessibility if no competition effects occur. When analysing job accessibility (where employees and employers compete on the employment market), the factors balancing a doubly constrained spatial interaction model will theoretically produce more realistic results. This is also illustrated in a case study on job accessibility in The Netherlands for 1995-2020. Further research is needed on the possibilities and added value of the economic evaluation of accessibility impacts using a random-utility approach. (A)
Abstract