This report presents the results of research into bicycle conspicuity at night. The study brief included a literature review, testing currently available conspicuity aids, using stationary cyclists in real traffic situations, and developing recommendations for action. The literature review indicated that lights and some reflectors and reflective clothing improved conspicuity, but that wheel reflectors and white clothing were ineffective. It also suggested that non-use and inadequate maintenance of conspicuity aids were greater problems than the inadequacy of aids themselves. Analysis of recent data on bicycle accidents in Victoria indicated that many more accidents happened during dawn and dusk than at night, and that frontal conspicuity was the most critical issue. The on-road tests found that all tail-lights tested performed adequately, but a flashing light emitting diode unit outperformed all others and was particularly effective against a complex background. Bicycle headlights tested in right-against situations were only detected at close range, due in part to confusion with lights on parked vehicles. Bicycle reflectors, particularly spoke reflectors, performed poorly. Laborary tests confirmed that the reflectors tested did not conform to the relevant Australian standards. It was concluded that regulations should be amended to permit the use of flashing units similar to that tested, and that an Australian Standard needs to be developed for such units. Means should be found by industry or government to ensure all reflectors sold comply with the existing Australian Standard. Reflective clothing should be regarded as a supplement to rather than a substitute for bicycle lights. More work needs to be done on the problem of bicycle accidents happening at dawn or dusk, but in the meantime prolonging the period over which motor vehicles are required to use headlights could be beneficial. (A)
Abstract