Injuries associated with impact acceleration forces are a major source of loss in both military and civilian transportation. The testing of impact protective devices under operational conditions is primarily done using anthropometric manikins such as the Hybrid III. As part of its Impact Injury Prevention programme, the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory is studying human volunteer and manikin head-neck response to whole-body acceleration. These data are being used to develop validated models for predicting human head-neck response from manikin response for a wide range of impact acceleration scenarios. For the -G(sub x), +G(sub y) and +G(sub z) vector directions, key linear and angular acceleration variables from selected sets of human experiments were fitted using least-squares polynomial splines. The spline parameters are functions of the latency and amplitude of the peaks of the acceleration variables and are well-predicted from the initial head position and the sled acceleration profile. Similar functional forms were imposed on selected sets of Hybrid III data yielding equally good results. These common and consistent statistical models for human and Hybrid III response form the basis of a statistical scaling procedure between human and Hybrid III response for these vector directions. The results illustrate an analytical approach for extrapolating human head/neck kinematics to levels and types of impact exposure where injury could occur.
Abstract