Simulation des hochautomatisierten Fahrens und die Auswirkungen auf die kollektive Streckenbeeinflussung auf Autobahnen

Most route control systems (SBA) in Germany are based on the Merkblatt für die Ausstattung von Verkehrsrechner- und Unterzentralen (MARZ 99). The control model described therein was developed for the traffic conditions of that time, the technical possibilities of sensor, actuator and transmission technologies, as well as the vehicle characteristics of that time. The technical progress with driver assistance systems and the increasing vehicle automation up to highly automated vehicles (HAF) are not sufficiently considered in the used control procedures. It is expected that in the future highly automated vehicles will have a significant influence on the traffic flow and thus in turn affect the control algorithms and the effectiveness of the SBA.
This project aims to investigate the effects of highly automated vehicles on the SBA control and to develop possible adjustments of the control model. After a literature review of the state of the art regarding vehicle automation and the effect of existing traffic control systems, two valid microscopic simulation models for routes in Bavaria and NRW will be developed. Subsequently, the sub-centres there will be mapped by software and connected to the simulation. In order to map the effect andreaction of the vehicles on the SBA in the simulation, an impact model will be developed from real data and also connected to the simulation.
Together with the road operators involved in the project, requirements for the vehicle control behaviour of automated vehicles are defined from the operator’s point of view with the aim of optimising traffic flow and implemented in a driving behaviour model in the simulation. In addition, two further vehicle control behaviours are set up to cover scenarios from progressive to conservative behaviour. The three driving behaviour models differ in acceleration and distance behaviour and are each implemented with different penetration rates in the simulation.
Suitable parameters are selected to capture the effects on the traffic flow in the simulation. The effects are compared for the different penetration rates and driving behaviour models with the zero case (human drivers only).
Based on the evaluations, requirements for the driving behaviour of HAF as well as adjustments and extensions of the SBA control system are discussed. Recommendations for action, which result from the individual measures for the operation and control of SBA and for the automated vehicle control, are determined and brought into a temporal relation.