In an effort to improve the state-of-the-art in analytical dummy simulations, a set of finite element models (FEM's) of the Hybrid III dummy segments were developed. These segments are: head, neck, thorax, spine, pelvis, knee, upper extremities, and lower extremities. The component models replicated the hardware geometry as closely as possible. Appropriate elastic material models were selected for the dummy "skeleton", with the exterior "soft tissues" represented by viscoelastic materials. The impact response of each individual component was determined by explicit integration finite element analysis. A whole dummy model was assembled from the various segments with appropriate joint characteristics prescribed to joint characteristics prescribed to allow for dummy articulation. Finally, the thoracic impact force-deformation response was calculated from a ballistic impactor with a mass of 23.4 kg, launched from 2 initial velocities of 6.71 m/s and 4.3 m/s, respectively. The predicted response was compared with standard dummy and human cadavers experimental data. In all calculations, the model response compared favourably with experimental data, and provided a reasonable level of confidence of the model biofidelity.
Abstract