The paper explains how certain types of simulation can be used to study the complex interaction between design and operation. A simulation of chemical tanker operations recently carried out by Lloyd's Register on behalf of Industry is described as an example. Emphasis is placed on showing how simulation provides a practical and structured method for addressing difficult problems. Such problems occur in design, operation, safety, legislation and investment. The approach makes best use of relevant experience and expertise, and provides a rational basis for decision-making. Simulation provides a framework within which to consider inter alia historical records, the opinions of experienced operators and the results of hazard analyses, all in terms of a realistic trading and operating pattern. The series of tasks necessary for the production of a computer model is discussed. It is also shown how component reliability and human factors may be considered within the model by using fault tree analysis. The important statistical aspects of such models are described together with the resources necessary for their production. (A)
Abstract