Abstract
European cities are investing in smart card ticketing (e-ticketing) for public transport. This paper examines how these systems can be planned in an overall framework that accounts for the current climate of social change in modern Europe and considers the ways that smart electronic ticketing and information systems can support the business needs of transport operators. The components of an electronic ticketing system are outlined and the physical and economic benefits of using such systems are discussed. A partial list of current installations of electronic ticketing systems in Europe, Asia, Australia, USA, Canada and South America is included.