The ongoing process of economic integration in Europe leads to an increasing importance of international infrastructure networks. Using the gravity model the accessibility of 42 large European cities in three infrastructure networks is studied: road, rail and air. Future developments in these networks are investigated by means of scenario analysis taking into account, among others, the construction of bridges and tunnels in several parts of Europe, the developments of a high speed railway system, and the development of main ports in Europe. The working of barriers of borders is also investigated.
Abstract