Abstract
In this paper the organizational options that are emerging for the provision of transit service in large metropolitan areas are defined. Where possible, reference is made to existing examples of each option; a detailed appraisal of experiences is presented in the case studies that follow. In the first section of this paper, the pressures on transit operators, which may result in reorganization, are summarized. Two fundamental approaches to reorganization are then introduced: self-directed change and externally directed change. Organizational options within each category are described in the next two sections of the paper.