Information and communication technology (ICT) is becoming more and more important in peoples everyday life. In a few years access to the Internet in the population has increased considerable, from 52% in 2000 to 74% in 2005. The access to and use of ICT has created new conditions for organizing activities in time and space. Sequence of actions can be broken up, be fragmented in both time and space. Activities like work, shopping, entertainment etc can be carried out from private dwellings and activities that previous were restricted by opening hours, can be done 24 hours a day, if desired. The main objective of this paper is to examine the relation betweendaily travel pattern and telework. In the discussion about interaction between travel and use of ICT, four possible effects are suggested: Substitution or replacement - new technology (ICT) replace old (transport). Modification of new technology is used to conduct or change planned activities. The generation of new technology means more information, new acquaintancesand possibilities that induce more travel. The results in this paper are based on the Norwegian national passenger travel survey from 2005 (NPTS 2005) and a connected survey carried out on the internet. About 2700 personshave answered questions about their use of ICT at home. Approximately 900of these respondents answered questions about doing work at home, teleworking. The respondents were recruited through the NPTS 2005. During the interview (by telephone) in NPTS people 18 years or older with access to internet at home were asked to participate in this internet survey. Data from NPTS 2005 and the internet surveys were merged. Just under half of employees (48%) have the possibility to work at home, and the majority of them occasionally do so. In total 40% of the employees say they work at home on irregular basis. Only 9% have a written agreement concerning work at home with the employer. Nearly 60% say that they do not have a special agreementwith the employer. The possibility to work at home is most prevalent among men, employees over 35 years, people living in the larger cities, and those with high occupational status, high income and education. This is in accordance with international research. The results show that 40% percent of the employees work whole days or parts of a day home during a month. Of this group 34% work whole days at home and 66% say they work part of a dayat home. More men than women work at home, both whole days and part days.Reasons related to work are the most important reasons to telework. The transport related reasons are mentioned by less than 10%. Only minor differences are found when comparing travel activity and transport mode for those who work at home with those who do not. Contrary to conventional wisdom those who work at home travel further by car in total than those who do not. The reason for this might be that the most usual way to work at home ispart of a day, not a whole day. The possibility to work at home first of all increases the flexibility both in time and space. The results from this survey indicate a modification of travel patterns rather than a substitution of trips. For the covering abstract see ITRD E137145.
Abstract