Clouterre, a national research project on soil nailing, was performed in france during 1986-1990 to study the behavior of nailed soil retaining walls, develop design methods, and publish a french codeof practice for building temporary and permanent nailed soil walls. Three full-scale experiments are described: a nailed soil wall pushed to failure, a wall built to study its stability during the excavation stages, and a simulation of failure due to the lack of adhesion on the bars. The nails, soil, and wall facing were instrumented tomeasure the displacements, forces, and stresses generated in the soil and reinforcements. This paper appears in transportation researchrecord no. 1330, Behavior of jointed rock masses and reinforced soil structures 1991
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