Abstract
The physical forces applied to vehicle inertial dynamics derive primarily from the tires. These forces have a profound effect on handling. Tire force modeling therefore provides a critical foundation for overall vehicle dynamics simulation. This paper describes the role tire characteristics play in handling. The paper discusses modeling requirements for appropriately simulating these effects. Tire input and output variables are considered in terms of their relationship to vehicle handling. General computational requirements are discussed. An example tire model is described that: (1) allows for efficient computational procedures; and (2) that provides responses over the full range of vehicle manoeuvring conditions. (A)