Traffic congestion has become a major concern in contemporary urban America. As population, motorization and travel increase, it has become increasingly common. But it is not a new problem. Congestion existed in ancient Rome, eighteenth century London, and nineteenth century New York. Today, it is found in most cities - not only in the city center but throughout the urban area. This paper defines congestion and identifies its underlying causes. It then describes the nature of congestion - past, present, and future. It shows how congestion has shifted from city center to suburb, and from city street to expressway. Finally, it suggests ways of addressing the problem. Suggested approaches include better traffic management, completing missing links in the transport system, and selectively managing demand. As development moves outward into exurbia, congestion can be reduced by better roadway spacing, coordination of transport service with land development, and transit-sensitive street and community design. (A)
Abstract