This paper presents an evaluation of the first transit-based smart parking project in the US at the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District station in Oakland, California. The paper begins with a review of the smart parking literature; next the smart parking field test is describedincluding its capital, operational, and maintenance costs; and finally the results of the participant survey analysis are presented. Some key user response results are: (1) most participants used the smart parking system 1_3 days a month for commute travel and (2) 37% of respondents had seen the changeable message signs with parking information, but only 32% of thoseused this information to decide whether to continue driving or take BART.Some key changes in participant travel behavior include: (1) increases inBART mode share, (2) reductions in drive alone modal share, (3) decreasedaverage commute time, and (4) an overall reduction in total vehicle milesof travel. (A) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.
Abstract