As a result of the work of the TC2.3 "Urban Areas and Integrated Urban Transport" this report highlights three subjects. The first part deals with the results of the working group Human powered transport. Their goal was to find reasons for cycling and walking in many cities all over the world in their objective of achieving sustainable transport. A series of questionnaires, fact sheets and personal contacts were used to obtain the current state of the practice in the use of human powered transport. An analysis ensued which contained both qualitative as well as quantitative metrics. Based on the above analysis, the work group developed a series of pertinent recommendations and attendant considerations. An explanation of how current use of human powered transport can benefit from these recommendations isincluded in this report. Others who are considering this mode of transport as part of overall transport network can also benefit as to how to make a start. The second part of the report contains the results of the workinggroup on Mega-cities. This working group was established to synthesize the current practices in transportation management and congestion mitigation. Instruments used to assess the methods used included personal contacts, internet sites, surveys and other research. Data was also collected from other sources. The analysis consisted of a series of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Past and future population trends as well as transport policies were analyzed. But the principal objectives were to determine if there is commonality in deployed strategies that have worked across wide socio-economic and cultural divides in the selected cities. Careful consideration was also given to the practicality for the recommendations from an economic standpoint. Although, there is great deal of diversity among the analyzed cities, the overall objectives of the residents remain which could be stated as less congestion and a better environment and quality of life. The third part of the report presents the results of the working group on Congestion. As congestion is an urgent problem, much effort has been exerted to investigate cause of congestion, and to plan and implement countermeasures for alleviating, preventing and managing (either recurrent or non-recurrent) congestion. Much of this work has been carried out in the developed countries with resources and technical know how. Those countermeasures have been characterized by nature/degree of congestion, socio-economicsituation of individual region and cities, level of development of individual countries, etc. The study focuses on countermeasures against recurrent congestion on urban roads, actually implemented in various cities in PIARC member countries. Some 20 cases studies were collected (but not many from developing countries) and analyzed. The study identified the following four categories of congestion preventive countermeasures. For the coveringabstract see ITRD E139491.
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