Objectives: (1) To establish the environmental effects of 20mph zones, in terms of traffic noise and emissions, accident reductions and severance; (2) To quantify whether 20mph zones can materially change the travel patterns and activities of residents particularly in terms of walking and cycling; (3) To determine whether 20mph zones can influence or change the function of streets within the zones, and particularly the effect of this on children and the elderly; and (4) To ascertain the perceptions and attitudes of residents to changes that have arisen in the 20mph zones. Fieldwork: In September 1996, Allott & Lomax began a five year study of six 20mph zones. Each zone is being surveyed before, three months after and twelve months after implementation. Each survey involves the collection of traffic and speed counts, accident records, pedestrian and cycle movements, traffic noise levels and air quality data. These are supplemented by household questionnaires. Early Findings: By January 1999 all six 'before' surveys had been completed and the 'after' surveys were approximately 50% complete. From the early findings, the environmental benefits show a reduction in noise levels but traffic calming has not been proved to affect air quality. Travel patterns have not changed significantly and little effect on walking or cycling patterns has been observed. Surveys carried out during Spring/Summer 1999 will show whether people are more likely to use their street for non-transport activities. Most residents like the measures but appear to have difficulty in perceiving the environmental improvements that arise.
Abstract