Abstract
A case-crossover study was conducted to quantify the effects of traffic volume and speed on the risk of child pedestrian injury on the school-home journey. 46 Children injured as pedestrians on the school-home journey were identified. For each case the traffic volume and speed on the road where the child was struck with the volumes and speeds on the other roads the child would usually cross, were compared. Associations between pedestrian injury risk and high traffic volume (relative risk = 6.3;95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1-18.8) and high speed (relative risk = 3.6;95% CI = 1.5-8.4), were found. These results provide suggestions as to future applications of the case-crossover design.