Abstract
The effectiveness of various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) navigation algorithms for Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) and Vehicle-to-Cyclist (V2C) crash avoidance is investigated under the assumption that vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists have GPS units. Collisions were simulated in a road test under open sky. For V2P collisions, GNSS navigation was able to provide at least one second of warning time for most collisions. For V2C collisions, half a second of warning time could be obtained. In both cases, the literature supports the notion that these warning times could help avoid crashes. (Author/publisher)