The article provides updated values for 1994 casualties and accidents, and describes recent revisions to medical costs and accident costs. There have been no changes in the methodology of cost evaluation, which is based on willingness to pay estimates. Tables are given to show average costs per casualty for each type of severity; average costs per accident are provided in terms of lost output, medical and ambulance costs, human costs, police costs, insurance and administration and property damage. Data has been obtained from hospitals, ambulance services, insurance companies and police forces. An in-depth study was made of casualties in Manchester to obtain detailed information on injuries, treatment and injuries, treatment and residual disability. Average costs are also given per accident by type of road. Estimates are made of the cost of damage-only accidents because national road accident statistics only cover reported injury accidents.
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