The trend toward smaller, more fuel efficient cars, along with an increase in the number and size of trucks on the highway and more use of motorcycles and bicycles, will result in serious incompatibilities among vehicles on the U.S. road system. In fatal accidents involving heavy trucks and passenger cars, 97% of the deaths occur among car occupants. The occupants of a subcompact car are 8.2 times more likely to be killed than those of a full-size car in a two-car collision. The disparity is even greater when two-wheeled vehicles are involved. If vehicle miles traveled are held to 1975 levels, the downsizing of passenger cars would effect a 5.6% increase in fatalities in 1995. Promotion of the use of manual occupant restraints by adults and children is recommended, as well as continued support for mandatory installation of passive restraints. Through public service announcements, and driver education, vehicle licensing, and dealer-sponsored programs, the public should be informed of the potential hazards posed by the changing vehicle mix. Methods of reducing vehicle miles traveled, such as ride-sharing programs and increased use of bus and rail transportation, should be actively pursued. Model truck length limit regulations are recommended, as well as steps to increase truck-trailer visibility and to implement splash/spray and underride countermeasures. To promote rapid adoption of vehicle safety features, increased distribution of consumer information is necessary, particularly vehicle crashworthiness ratings.
Abstract