In order to examine differences in flying expertise, 12 novice and 12 expert pilots flew a 7-segment simulation pattern under specific attentional constraints shile cockpit instrument visual scan was recorded. Flight segments involved various combination of maneuvering of heading, altitude and airspeed. Expert pilots performed bettern than novices on vertical and longitudinal, but not lateral control. They accomplished their superior vertical tracking by allocating more control resources to the vertical. Analyses of scanning strategies revealed that experts : a) had shorter dwells and more frequent visits to most instruments, b) adapted their visiting strategy more flexibly in response to changing task demands, c) demonstrated a better mental model of cross-coupling and predictive relations between and within axes, and d) showed more frequent checking of axes whose values remained constant. The data is discussed in terms of their implications in pilot cockpit scan training program development. (A)
Abstract