Warrants for midblock pedestrian crossings. An examination of fuel consumption and delay costs.

Warrants for midblock pedestrian crossings have been reconsidered theoretically. If excess fuel consumption is a principal criterion.Zebra crossings should be eliminated. A hierarchy of crossing would the be 1. refuges2. Pelican crossings; and 3. grade separation.Pelican crossings which operate in Perth are shown to cause less delay and less likelihood of stopping for motor vehicles. They do not change pedestrian delay.Thus they perform better than pedestrian operated signals. New warrants are suggested.