This research was initiated to create an accurate data set with respect to the kinematics of 5th and 95th percentile human subjects under low and moderate rear end impact conditions. For this purpose, rigid seat rear impact sled experiments were conducted using 5 unembalmed Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS): four 5th percentile females and one 95th percentile male restrained with a three-point belt. The sled velocity changes were 16 and 25 km/hr, sled accelerations were 3 to 5 g. Photographic targets attached to the head, first thoracic vertebra (T1) and pelvis were filmed at 1000 f/sec. The subjects were instrumented with tri-axial accelerometers on the head, T1 and pelvis, and a tri-axial angular velocity sensor on the head. A post-test physical examination was conducted showing injuries in two subjects. Kinematics of head, T1 and pelvis and the loads at occipital condyles and T1 level are presented. Data can be used in the development of human mathematical models and the design of rear impact crash dummies. The data presented can be used in addition to numerous data on human subjects, mainly volunteers at low delta V's (velocity changes). The differences between the 5th and 95th percentile subjects appear to indicate the need to validate any human surrogate in relation to its body size. (A)
Abstract