Drivers were observed, questioned and their responses measured and they unexpectedly came upon "Do not Enter"signs while "driving"in the Driving Simulation Laboratory. Red and white signs elicited an earlier response than did the black and white signs and more drivers responded correctly to the red and white signs. This finding will be cross-validated by similar tests at other locations. Preliminary evaluation was made of the appearance of lane-line arrow heads painted on every fourth dashed line of an otherwise standard lane marking. The arrow heads were oriented in the direction of normal flow. so that a wrong-way driver would encounter a series of arrows with their points facing him. This particular type of lane-line arrow marking was judged not sufficiently noticeable to alert a wrong-way driver. Oberservations were made of several styles of pavement marking arrows. When approaching them from the pointed end, as a wrong way driver would in attempting to enter an off-ramp, the standard arrows (which were developed as directional guides) are not as detectable as two slightly different styles.
Abstract