Legally, a pedelec is a conventional bicycle (bicycle without pedal assistance). Therefore, the same rules apply to both pedelecs and conventional bicycles. The legal rules which cyclists have to abide by are included in the 1990 Traffic Code [3]; for an overview, see the website of the Dutch Cyclists’ Union (Fietsersbond)).
A speed pedelec, however, has been categorised as a moped since 1 January, 2017 (before this date, it was categorised as a light moped). For speed pedelecs and mopeds the same rules apply. Thus, speed pedelec riders have to use the combined bicycle/moped track, or, if absent, the carriageway. Using a dedicated bicycle track is prohibited. On the carriageway, speed pedelec riders are allowed to cycle at a maximum speed of 45 km/h; on combined bicycle/moped tracks at a maximum speed of 30 km/h (in the urban area) or 40 km/h (outside the urban area). In addition, speed pedelec riders are obliged to wear an approved helmet (see Figure 2). The helmet may be a ‘ regular’ moped helmet that was certified according to the motorcycle helmet standard ECE-22.05/06) or a helmet that meets the NTA 8776 standard specifically developed for speed pedelecs [4]. This helmet looks like a bicycle helmet, but it has a number of specifications (designed for higher impact speed, lower around the ears, the temples and the base of the head) that differ from regular bicycle helmets [5]. For more information, see SWOV fact sheet Bicycle helmets.
Figure 2. Specification differences between regular bicycle helmets and speed pedelec helmets (Source: Volkskrant; NEN, BBB Cycling).
A speed pedelec rider must have a minimum age of 16, a moped licence (type AM) or a driving licence. Speed pedelecs must be equipped with a yellow moped number plate and the owner must have third party insurance.