Below you will find the list of references that are used in this fact sheet; all sources can be consulted or retrieved. Via Publications you can find more literature on the subject of road safety.
[1]. Minister van IenW (2020). Maatregelen verkeersveiligheid. 29398-886. Government document d.d. 14 december 2020. Minister van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat, Den Haag.
[2]. RDW (2021). Wegwijzer Bijzondere bromfietsen. RDW. Accessed on 01-03-2021 at www.rdw.nl/over-rdw/actueel/dossiers/bijzondere-bromfietsen.
[3]. Minister van IenM (2014). Beleidsregel aanwijzing bijzondere bromfietsen. Besluit van de Minister van Infrastructuur en Milieu van 2 december 2014, nr. IENM/BSK-2014/255126. Accessed on 04-06-2021 at wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0035848/2019-05-02.
[4]. OvV (2019). Veilig toelaten op de weg. Lessen naar aanleiding van het ongeval met de Stint. Onderzoeksraad voor Veiligheid, OvV, Den Haag.
[5]. Rijksoverheid (2021). Wanneer mag ik op een bijzondere bromfiets zoals een Segway rijden? Minister van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat. Accessed on 04-06-2021 at www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/brommer/vraag-en-antwoord/welke-regels-gelden-er-voor-een-segway.
[6]. Minister van IenW (2021). Kader Lichte Elektrische Voertuigen. 29398-954. Government document dd. 13 juli 2021. C. van Nieuwenhuizen Wijbenga, minister van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat, Den Haag.
[7]. Wikipedia (2021). Stint. Wikipedia. Accessed on 04-06-2021 at nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stint.
[8]. Smit, C., Münzel, K., Hair, S. de & Bor, R. van den (2020). Ervaringen met licht elektrische voertuigen in Europa. TNO 2020 R10704. TNO, Den Haag.
[9]. Gössling, S. (2020). Integrating e-scooters in urban transportation: Problems, policies, and the prospect of system change. In: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 79.
[10]. Laa, B. & Leth, U. (2020). Survey of E-scooter users in Vienna: Who they are and how they ride. In: Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 89.
[11]. OECD/ITF (2020). Safe micromobility. Corporate Partnership Board Report. International Transport Forum, Paris.
[12]. Christoforou, Z., Gioldasis, C., de Bortoli, A. & Seidowsky, R. (2021). Who is using e-scooters and how? Evidence from Paris. In: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 92.
[13]. Kamphuis, K. & Schagen, I. van (2020). E-scooters in Europe: legal status, usage and safety. Results of a survey in FERSI countries. FERSI Forum of European Road Safety Research Institutes.
[14]. Tuncer, S. & Brown, B. (2020). E-scooters on the ground: Lessons for redesigning urban micro-mobility. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
[15]. Bai, S. & Jiao, J. (2020). Dockless E-scooter usage patterns and urban built environments: A comparison study of Austin, TX, and Minneapolis, MN. In: Travel Behaviour and Society, vol. 20, p. 264-272.
[16]. Köllner, C. (2020). Erste unfallbilanz für e-scooter. Was sagen die zahlen über ihre sicherheit aus? DLR. Accessed on 04-06-2021 at www.springerprofessional.de/mikromobilitaet/elektrofahrzeuge/unfallrisiko-fuer-e-scooter-ist-hoeher-als-das-fuer-fahrraeder/18144552.
[17]. Fearnley, N., Berge, S.H. & Johnsson, E. (2020). Shared e-scooters in Oslo. TØI Report: 1748/2020 [Summary in English]. TØI, Oslo.
[18]. Knoope, M. & Kansen, M. (2021). Op weg met LEV. De rol van lichte elektrische voertuigen in het mobiliteitssysteem. Kennisinstituut voor mobilitieitsbeleid, KiM. Ministerie van infrastructuur en waterstaat.
[19]. Faraji, F., Lee, J.H., Faraji, F., MacDonald, B., et al. (2020). Electric scooter craniofacial trauma. In: Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol, vol. 5, nr. 3, p. 390-395.
[20]. Wrzesinka, D., Kluppels, L., Godart, B. & Gaillet, J.-F. (2019). E-steps ongevallen. Overzicht Belgie. VIAS.
[21]. Bauer, F., Riley, J.D., Lewandowski, K., Najafi, K., et al. (2020). Traumatic injuries associated with standing motorized scooters. In: JAMA Netw Open, vol. 3, nr. 3, p. e201925.
[22]. Dhillon, N.K., Juillard, C., Barmparas, G., Lin, T.L., et al. (2020). Electric scooter injury in Southern California trauma centers. In: J Am Coll Surg, vol. 231, nr. 1, p. 133-138.
[23]. Trivedi, B., Kesterke, M.J., Bhattacharjee, R., Weber, W., et al. (2019). Craniofacial injuries seen with the introduction of bicycle-share electric scooters in an urban setting. In: J Oral Maxillofac Surg, vol. 77, nr. 11, p. 2292-2297.
[24]. Aizpuru, M., Farley, K.X., Rojas, J.C., Crawford, R.S., et al. (2019). Motorized scooter injuries in the era of scooter-shares: A review of the national electronic surveillance system. In: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 37, nr. 6, p. 1133-1138.
[25]. Farley, K.X., Aizpuru, M., Wilson, J.M., Daly, C.A., et al. (2020). Estimated incidence of electric scooter injuries in the US From 2014 to 2019. In: JAMA Netw Open, vol. 3, nr. 8, p. e2014500.
[26]. Mair, O., Wurm, M., Müller, M., Greve, F., et al. (2021). E-scooter accidents and their consequences. First prospective analysis of the injury rate and injury patterns in the urban area of a German city with over 1 million residents. In: Unfallchirurg, vol. 124, nr. 5, p. 382-390.
[27]. Moftakhar, T., Wanzel, M., Vojcsik, A., Kralinger, F., et al. (2021). Incidence and severity of electric scooter related injuries after introduction of an urban rental programme in Vienna: a retrospective multicentre study. In: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, vol. 141, nr. 7, p. 1207-1213.
[28]. Kobayashi, L.M., Williams, E., Brown, C.V., Emigh, B.J., et al. (2019). The e-merging e-pidemic of e-scooters. In: Trauma Surg Acute Care Open, vol. 4, nr. 1, p. e000337.
[29]. Ishmael, C.R., Hsiue, P.P., Zoller, S.D., Wang, P., et al. (2020). An early look at operative orthopaedic injuries associated with electric scooter accidents: Bringing high-energy trauma to a wider audience. In: J Bone Joint Surg Am, vol. 102, nr. 5, p. e18.
[30]. Bekhit, M.N.Z., Le Fevre, J. & Bergin, C.J. (2020). Regional healthcare costs and burden of injury associated with electric scooters. In: Injury, vol. 51, nr. 2, p. 271-277.
[31]. Blomberg, S.N.F., Rosenkrantz, O.C.M., Lippert, F. & Collatz Christensen, H. (2019). Injury from electric scooters in Copenhagen: a retrospective cohort study. In: BMJ Open, vol. 9, nr. 12, p. e033988.
[32]. Puzio, T.J., Murphy, P.B., Gazzetta, J., Dineen, H.A., et al. (2020). The electric scooter: A surging new mode of transportation that comes with risk to riders. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 21, nr. 2, p. 175-178.
[33]. Yarmohammadi, A., Baxter, S.L., Ediriwickrema, L.S., Williams, E.C., et al. (2020). Characterization of facial trauma associated with standing electric scooter injuries. In: Ophthalmology, vol. 127, nr. 7, p. 988-990.
[34]. Alwani, M., Jones, A.J., Sandelski, M., Bandali, E., et al. (2020). Facing facts: Facial injuries from stand-up electric scooters. In: Cureus, vol. 12, nr. 1, p. e6663.
[35]. Sikka, N., Vila, C., Stratton, M., Ghassemi, M., et al. (2019). Sharing the sidewalk: A case of E-scooter related pedestrian injury. In: Am J Emerg Med, vol. 37, nr. 9, p. 1807 e1805-1807 e1807.
[36]. Nisson, P.L., Ley, E. & Chu, R. (2020). Electric scooters: Case reports indicate a growing public health concern. In: American Journal of Public Health, vol. 110, nr. 2, p. 177-179.
[37]. Haworth, N., Schramm, A. & Twisk, D. (2020). E-Scooters in Brisbane – Changes in the first year since introducing a2 shared scheme. Paper presented at ICSC, Lund, Sweden.
[38]. KfV (2020). E-Scooter im straßenverkehr. Unfallzahlen, risikoeinschätzung, wissensstand und verhalten von E-scooter-fahrern im straßenverkehr. Kuratorium für Verkehrssicherheit KfV, Wien.
[39]. Slootmans, F. & Schinckus, L. (in progress). Risicogedrag van gebruikers van e-steps. Verkenning van de mobiliteit en de veiligheid van gebruikers van elektrische steps via een online enquête. Brussel.
[40]. James, O., Swiderski, J., Hicks, J., Teoman, D., et al. (2019). Pedestrians and E-scooters: An initial look at E-scooter parking and perceptions by riders and non-riders. In: Sustainability, vol. 11, nr. 20.
[41]. Comer, A., Apathy, N., Waite, C., Bestmann, Z., et al. (2020). Electric scooters (e-scooters): Assessing the threat to public health and safety in setting policies: Assessing e-scooter policies. In: Chronicles of Health Impact Assessment, vol. 5, nr. 1.
[42]. EC (2021). Road safety thematic report – Personal mobility devices. European Road Safety Observatory. European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, Brussels.
[43]. ANWB (2020). Visie ANWB op de regulering van micro vervoersmiddelen. Met focus op nieuwe kleine lichte voertuigen die in de stad gebruikt worden. ANWB.
[44]. CROW-Connekt (2020). Micromobiliteit: disruptie in de mobiliteitsmarkt met grote gevolgen? K-D07. CROW-KpVV, Ede.
[45]. Knaap, P. van der (2021). Veilig innoveren: toelating van LEV’s en de toekomst van fietspaden. Een perspectief. R-2021-11. SWOV, Den Haag.
[46]. Minister van IenW (2020). Beleidsreactie op OvV rapport ‘Veilig toelaten tot de weg – Lessen naar aanleiding van het ongeval met een Stint’. 29398-845. Government document d.d. 16 juli 2020. Minister van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat, Den Haag.
[47]. Goede, M. de, Wijlhuizen, G.J. & Mons, C. (2020). Voorstel voor een methode van risico-inventarisatie voor lichte elektrische voertuigen [Proposal for a method of risk assessment for light electric vehicles]. R-2020-13. [Summary in English]. SWOV, Den Haag.
