This paper assesses the potential energy profile impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and estimates gasoline and electricity demand impacts for California of their adoption. The results are based on simulations replicating vehicle usage patterns reported in 1-day activity and travel diaries based on the 2000û2001 California Statewide Household Travel Survey. Four charging scenarios are examined. We find that circuit upgrades to 240 V not only bring faster charging times but also reduce charging time differences between PHEV20 and PHEV60; home charging can potentially service 40û50% of travel distances with electric power for PHEV20 and 70û80% for PHEV60; equipping public parking spaces with charging facilities, can potentially convert 60û70% of mileage from fuel to electricity for PHEV20, and 80û90% for PHEV60; and afternoons are found to be exposed to a higher level of emissions. (A) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.
Samenvatting