As early as 1947, studies concluded that the majority of drivers ignore speed limits and drive at speeds that they believe are safe and reasonable. Since then, some studies have supported this conclusion whereas others indicated that speed limits do affect travel speeds in varying degrees. In an FHWA-sponsored assessment of current speed zoning criteria, speed and accident data were collected at 50 locations, both urban and rural, in four states on roadways with posted speed limits ranging from 25 to 55 mph. These data were analysed to determine travel speed characteristics, compliance with posted speed limits, and the point of minimum accident risk. Significant findings were as follows: mean speeds exceeded posted speed limits by 1 to 8 mph; 85th-percentile speeds ranged from 6 to 14 mph over the posted speed limit, or 4 to 7 mph over the mean speed; the majority (70.2%) Of free-flow drivers observed did not comply with posted speed limits; in general, 85% compliance was achieved at speeds 10 mph over the posted speed limit; accident rates for the 25-mph zones were consistently much higher than for any of the other zones; and the speed at which accident risk was minimised occurred at the 90th percentile of the travel speeds observed. This paper appears in Transportation Research Record No. 1281, Human Factors and Safety Research Related to Highway Design and Operation 1990.
Samenvatting