This report, which will assist in the identification of the positive impact of new highway facilities and will be useful in the preparation of the environmental impact statements, presents the results of an exhaustive literature search identifying a wide range of positive benefits related to freeway construction. Negative impacts that occur in conjunction with the more significant identified benefits are also addressed. Environmental benefits include: effects on the physical components; effects on the biotic component; and improvements to the aesthetic quality of the environment. Social benefits to both users and nonusers, effects on population distribution and improved interaction and communication are considered. Economic benefits are reflected in economic growth, reduction in accidents and fatalities, as well as those derived from improved efficiency in all kinds of public services. Literature dealing with these effects is reviewed, analysed and evaluated. A matrix of beneficial effects is provided that further categorizes the effects as being found primarily in urban or rural areas of short-run or long-run duration, and of a direct or indirect nature. Extensive bibliographies are included. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting