Biomechanical responses of head / neck / torso to lateral impact loading on shoulders of male and female volunteers.

For a better understanding of neck injury mechanism in lateral-collisions, experiments and analyses have been conducted on human head / neck / torso impact responses and cervical vertebral motions upon loading of lateral impacts from the shoulders of human volunteers. At the same time, differences in neck muscle responses between male and female volunteers have alsobeen analyzed by means of experiments. Likewise, the differences betweenhuman volunteers and cadavers have been also studied and discussed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134311