In the eighties, the improvement of black-spots was increasingly dealt with systematically by means of a black-spot manual (in Dutch: AVOC manual) in the Netherlands. This methodology includes four stages: (1) selection; (2) analysis together with a study of the locations; (3) proposals for measures; and (4) drawing up priorities. Usually no more than a few crossings are analyzed simultaneously. As an exception to this rule, Haskoning studied much larger numbers simultaneously in the provinces of Limburg and North Brabant: 36 and 21. The analysis in North Brabant differs from the one carried out in Limburg, to the extent that measures were taken recently at a number of locations. Another difference is that the measures have been elaborated in a fairly detailed manner, so that the estimate of the costs has become less general. In Limburg crossings and road sections have been assessed in terms of effectiveness, whereas in North Brabant no cost effectiveness has been drawn up. Finally, it can be mentioned that the road maintenance authority in Limburg has included the measures in a long-term programme for the entire province, whereas North Brabant intends to carry out the measures for each region as quickly as possible.
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