Samenvatting
In normal operation, passenger car bumpers are meant to protect the vehicle body from damages during minor collisions. In most cases, when colliding with a pedestrian, the bumper is the first vehicle component to be hit causing injuries to the legs. The induced injury severity depends on the bumper configuration and stiffness. As a result of biomechanical investigations a maximum force level has been recommended which should not be exceeded in order to minimize the injury severity.