In traffic flow analysis several regimes are distinguished, such as congested and non-congested flow conditions. Indications exist that driving behaviour differs by regime and that it may change discontinuously between regimes. In contrast, most traffic flow models used today basically assume the same car-following behaviour irrespective of the traffic flow regime. It is hypothesized that because of this deficiency, these models do not always perform satisfactorily. To clarify this issues, differences in car-following between congested and non-congested flow are analysed with data from two sites on Dutch freeways. It is shown that, at the same speeds, passenger car drivers follow with smaller headways in non-congested flow than in congested flow. Car-following of truck drivers does not show differences between regimes. Microscopic distance gap - speed models are established for several road user classes, valid for each of the two flow regimes. To show the improvements resulting from these new microscopic relationships, the latter are implementated in a micro simulation model (FOSIM) with which macroscopic patterns in traffic flow are modeled. The macroscopic findings produced with the regime specific car-following rules show a considerable improvement in modeling performance. (A)
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