The aim of this study was to provide a broad overview of commuting by workers 16 years of age and older in the 30 largest U.S. cities, by highlighting the following aspects of commuting: who, how, how time consuming, and when. The study used the 2013 data from the American Community Survey—an ongoing annual survey by the U.S. Census Bureau. The data came from the American Community Survey–an ongoing annual survey (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015a). The American Community Survey provides 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year estimates. This study used the 1-year estimates for 2013. The information is for workers 16 years of age and older. The data for the 30 largest U.S. cities were analysed (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015b). The examined cities are listed in Table 1. The data are for the residents of the respective cities (not the metropolitan areas). The combined population of these 30 cities in 2013 was 39,410,377, representing 12.5% of the entire population of the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015c). Below are the cities that were found to be on either extreme on several of the aspects examined: * Median age: 34.4 years in Boston, 41.7 years in Louisville; * Males: 45.9% in Detroit, 56.2% in Houston; * No vehicle available: 1.8% in Fort Worth and San Jose, 46.0% in New York; * Working at home: 2.1% in Memphis, 7.1% in Austin and Portland; Driving alone to work: 21.4% in New York, 82.9 in Louisville; * Carpooling to work: 4.9% in New York, 12.4% in Memphis; * Using public transportation to work: 0.7% in Oklahoma City, 56.7% in New York; * Walking to work: 1.2% in Fort Worth, 14.5% in Boston; * Bicycling to work: 0.1% in El Paso, 5.9% in Portland; * Mean travel time to work: 20.7 minutes in Oklahoma City, 39.7 minutes in New York; * Leaving for work between 5:00 am and 8:59 am: 59.8% in Detroit and Las Vegas, 73.5% in Jacksonville. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting