Comparison of static and dynamic driver eye position in various passenger vehicles.

Cyclopean eye positions were measured relative to vehicle reference points while performing usual driving activities. Results indicate 1) during driving eye position shifts substantially to the rear of static eye position, 2) shoulder belts restricts eye excursions even during straight ahead driving, 3) a periscope type mirror eliminates eye position shift and reduces variability during lane changes when compared to standard rear vision devices.