CONGESTION CHARGING - A BEGINNERS GUIDE.

Congestion charging is increasingly on the agenda for many cities and countries with the hope of bringing a number of benefits: environmental, social, fiscal and practical. Every congested area is unique with its own traffic patterns and characteristics and, critically, potentials for the driving public to change their travelling habits. Because of this, no single approach - technically or policy-wise, has emerged as the way to tackle congestion. Approaches to congestion charging are reviewed and a process for matching charging policy and technology choice is outlined. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.