Consequences for seat design due to rear end accident analysis, sled tests and possible test criteria for reducing cervical spine injuries after rear-end collision.

In this study, proposals for head restraint improvement are outlined on the basis of current research activities. New results from accident analysis are discussed like the Quebec Task Force (QTF) injury scaling depending on gender and delta v (speed change). It appears that women show a significantly higher risk of neurological QTF Grade 3 Cervical Spine Distortion (CSD) injuries in both front seating positions (driver and passenger) than male occupants. A sled test series based on different anthropometric measurements is discussed. Moreover, muscular electrode measurements for the deep and superficial cervical musculature during a rear end impact sled test series with volunteers (delta v 6.5 and 9.5 km/h) are presented. This test series also integrates the deep musculus semispinalis capitis, which could be associated with common muscular pain after CSD. In addition, current rear end impact test methodologies are evaluated, and a dynamic test standard proposal is presented. (A)