Countermeasures in the field of human factors in relation, to pedestrian behaviour, regulations, and law enforcement.

Existing measures and theoretical studies on pedestrian behavior, regulations, and enforcement are reviewed. Specific consideration is given to: types of crossings; traffic signal effectiveness; bridges and subways; traffic training areas for children; characteristic movements of pedestrian behavior; influence of approaching vehicle speed, alcohol, and education. Recommendations are offered for each category. Variations in regulations from nation to nation are noted. Law enforcement activities are examined in terms of criteria for codes of conduct, examples of particular behavior, and research methods.