The deregulation of regional public transport in the Netherlands is nearby. The question is whether this will be real deregulation or just the introduction of competition. The essential choice is to make the right mix of incentives and regulations. Until now, the accent was to much on regulations. Regulations limit the transport companies' economic freedom. This freedom is essential for efficiency gains however. From now on, the choices are up to regional governments. They determine the choice between deregulation and just competition. The outcomes of their choices will be the interesting research objects for the following years. (A)
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