This paper contains the main results of a survey of financial relationships between the transport sector (private, public and freight transport) and government in the Netherlands. External costs of transport are part of the survey. This survey results in a balance of social costs of transport that are not paid by the transport sector. The other part of social costs is paid privately. Government expenditures on transport amounted to 17 billion guilders in 1990. The government revenues from traffic related taxes and other income amounted 13 billion guilders. There are however differences between transport modes. Car drivers paid more than they received from government. Other transport modes received more than they paid. When external costs are combined with these results, the balance for car drivers only turns positive, when the highest estimate of external costs is used. The balance for freight transport and public transport becomes more unequal when combined with external costs. (A)
Samenvatting