This paper deals with the second-best link-based and cordon-based pricing schemes that involve optimal selection of both toll levels and toll locations. Social welfare maximization with or without inclusion of implementation cost of toll charge is sought subject to elastic travel demand in general networks. Optimization models with mixed (integer and continuous) variables are formulated for determining toll levels and toll locations simultaneously. A binary genetic algorithm is employed to search optimal toll locations dynamically and a simulated annealing method to search optimal toll levels. In the analysis of the cordon-based toll scheme, transportation network is viewed as a directed graph, and the concept of cutset in graph theory is introduced to describe the mathematical properties of a toll cordon by examining the incidence matrix of the network. (Author/publisher) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract No. E208120.
Samenvatting