A development of approximate impedance functions to estimate general human head impact response for off- axis impacts.

Mathematical functions to estimate indirect head impact responses were developed in this paper. Experimental human cadaver sinusoidal head impact responses in the A- P (frontal), L- R ( lateral), P- A (rearward) and S- I (superior- inferior) directions were used as reference experimental bases for the generation of the "off- axis" approximate impedance functions.