This paper presents the development, implementation, and validation of the human articulating joint model parameters for crash dynamics simulations. Measured human joint data on the voluntary range of motion and passive resistive torques were used to mathematically model the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle joints. Twist stop angles were modeled independently. Elbow and knee joints were characterized as pin joints with one degree of freedom and stop angles at both ends of the joint motion. Joint passive resistive torques related to azimuth and flexure joint angles, twist passive resistive torques along the long bones, and viscous torques due to the relative angular velocity at the joint were described as a set of at the joint were described as a set of polynomials for all the joints. The joint data sets were reduced to the input format required for the Articulated Total Body (ATB) model. ATB simulations of human sled tests were carried out to preliminarily validate the joint models. The first simulation was used to calibrate the model. Necessary adjustments in the input parameters were made until good agreements were reached between the predicted and the test results. Subsequent simulations were performed without changing any of the model input parameters. Simulation results are reported and compared with results of human volunteer sled tests.
Samenvatting