Approaches to bridges are designed to provide a smooth and safe transition from the highway pavement to the bridge deck. Generally this transition area, regardless of pavement type, has provided poor riding quality. A state-of-the-art and state-of-practice study that covers published and unpublished work in the United States and overseas was conducted. It included a comprehensive literature review and survey of state highway agency design and construction practices currently in use at approaches to bridges. The literature indicated that most problems occurring at bridge approaches can be associated with differential settlement between the highway pavement and bridge deck, and poor design of both bridge and pavement components. On the basis of the literature review and survey of highway agencies, critical items in design and construction of bridge approaches are summarized and recommendations on drainage systems and approaches to embankments are made. Points regarding the control of water around abutments and under approach pavement are summarized. Recommendations on materials, compaction, and construction for approach embankments are made. (A)
Samenvatting