This publication provides an introduction to the subject of driver distraction, its various sources, consequences, and possible countermeasures. Distraction in road traffic is increasingly recognized as a risk factor. Scientists, policymakers, media and road users are increasingly aware of the problem. The problem of distraction appears to be growing because of the increasing presence of electronic equipment/devices – such as mobile phones, navigation systems – in road traffic. This first section examines the characteristics of driver distraction and describes several sources of distraction. It describes the relationships between the concepts of inattention, driver distraction and concentration loss. Section 3 outlines how driver distraction affects aspects of driving behaviour, such as speed choice, following behaviour, keeping course, reaction time, and visual behaviour. To study the magnitude of the problem of driver distraction, information is required about the prevalence of distracting activities while driving and the risks associated with these activities. Section 4 presents results on the prevalence of driver distraction among car drivers, truck drivers, cyclists and pedestrians. The relationship between driver distraction and crash risk is described in Section 5. Attention is given to change in risks due to talking and listening, to handling equipment, and looking at advertising billboards, and to differences in change in risk between car drivers and truck drivers. The final section outlines possible countermeasures against driver distraction, such as legislation and enforcement, driver training, publicity campaigns, road infrastructure, and technological countermeasures (Section 6). (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting