The issue of the involvement of drugs other than alcohol has received increasing attention in recent years. In order to synthesize and summarize available information, the Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Transportation Committee of the Transportation Research Board held a symposium to discuss the role of drugs in traffic. The symposium was held at the Jonsson Conference Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts on June 20–21, 2005. This report provides an overview of the information presented and the discussions among the participants, as well as the background papers prepared for the symposium. Contents are: RISKS POSED BY DRUGS IN TRAFFIC Role of Cannabis and Benzodiazepines in Motor Vehicle Crashes..................................12 Douglas J. Beirness and Herb M. Simpson, Traffic Injury Research Foundation and Allan F. Williams, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety European Union Research Project IMMORTAL: The Risk of Drink and Drug Driving—Results of a Case-Control Study Conducted in the Netherlands ....................22 M. P. M. Mathijssen and S. Houwing, SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, Netherlands Commentary on Variability Among Epidemiological Studies of Drugs and Driving....36 Herbert Moskowitz, Southern California Research Institute Commentary on the Risks Posed by Drugs in Traffic.......................................................41 Asbjørg S. Christophersen, Norwegian Institute of Public Health Commentary on the Risks Posed by Drugs in Traffic.......................................................47 Ralph Hingson, Boston University School of Public Health EFFECTS OF DRUGS Drug Effects and Their Significance for Traffic Safety ....................................................52 David Shinar, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Commentary on Cannabis and Crash Risk: Concentration Effect Relation..................65 J. G. Ramaekers, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, Netherlands MEDICINAL DRUGS Medicinal Drugs: Critical Review of Present Knowledge and Statements for Discussion ....................................................................................................68 Han de Gier, Groningen University, Netherlands, and President, International Council on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety ii Commentary on Medicinal Drugs and Driving .................................................................78 Charles Mercier-Guyon, Center for the Study and Research on Traffic Medicine, France Commentary on Medicinal Drugs: Critical Review of Present Knowledge and Statements for Discussion.........................................................................79 Carl A. Soderstrom, National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEALING WITH DRUGS IN TRAFFIC Legal Framework for Dealing with Drugs in Traffic ........................................................84 Alain G. Verstraete, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Belgium, and J. Michael Walsh, The Walsh Group Commentary on Legal Framework for Dealing with Drugs in Traffic...........................95 Danielle E. Roeber, National Transportation Safety Board Commentary on Legal Framework for Dealing with Drugs in Traffic...........................97 Paul Boase, Transport Canada ENFORCEMENT ISSUES Drug-Impaired Driving: Improving Integration of Toxicology, Technology, and Enforcement..................................................................102 Barry K. Logan, Washington State Patrol Commentary on History of DWI Enforcement: What Does It Tell Us About DUID Enforcement? ..........................................................107 Robert B. Voas, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting