Several countries in Europe have initiated the work of establishing interoperable EFC (electronic fee collection) systems. The Nordic (Sweden, Denmark and Norway) NORITS project is an example of such work, where existing road toll systems and ferry services using DSRC based EFC have a common agreement ending up with full interoperability in operation in 2006. However, it has been found that key principles adopted on the European level cause difficulties when implemented in local and national toll schemes. Such conflicts are discussed, and solutions as implemented in the Nordic countries are described. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.
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