Samenvatting
Pollution, accident costs, deterioration of landscapes and ecosystems and reduced quality of life have long been of concern in relation to transport. The negative effects of transport and traffic are drawing increasing political attention. Internalisation aims to create incentives to reduce these external costs by factoring them into markets. This ECMT report: summarises the theoretical and practical aspects of internalisation; reviews recent estimates of external costs of transport to ECMT countries; examines the mix of policies that might be used to promote internalisation successfully; and estimates the size of incentive required in monetary terms.