This synthesis describes the state of the practice concerning on-board vehicle surveillance technologies, including transit angencies' experiences, the findings of a literature search, and a review of existing and emerging technologies designed for use in the transit environment. Information presented is as inclusive as possible. The basic technology is applicable to both bus and rail vehicles. However, survey responses received for this report are more universally for bus installations. Recording devices, based on analog and digital technology, are available to capture audio data, video information, and records of vehicle sensor readings. Currently, although analog recorders are still the primary means of providing permanent records for the surveillance market as a whole, far more widespread use of digital technologies can be seen in the transit industry, with 17 of 23 respondents reporting that their agencies use digital equipment. Digital recording devices for use in all applications in the closed circuit television industry were introduced in the early 1990s, with scores of manufacturers offering digital recording or storage devices. The devices remain a new technology in the industry and as applied to on-board use. Agencies deciding to install surveillance equipment must select among various types of systems, including video equipment, digital event recorders that can capture and store both video and audio information, as well as vehicle sensor data such as speed, braking, and turn signal activation; and audio systems, recording sound events with the vehicle. Each system has its benefits and drawbacks. Moreover, each has an array of features, such as camera configuration, lens types, recording equipment, and storage media, which must be evaluated by transit agencies making the purchase. Equipment specifications are explained along with the implications of equipment selections in terms of system performance in order to assist agencies in making informed decisions regarding equipment. Surveillance systems have been installed in the transit environment for various reasons, including the following applications cited during the literature search, questionnaire, and follow-up phases; crime prevention and response, risk management, legal evidence, response to events in progress, customer service, and employee security. All but one agency responding to the survey would recommend a surveillance system to another similar agency considering such a system. Although the benefits of surveillance technology are considerable, some issues do exist. For example, system costs, maintenance requirements, and liability and privacy concerns may limit the utility of recording devices or constrain their use to specific situations. (A)
Samenvatting